Mathematical drawing instrument

ABSTRACT

602,186. Electric dryshavers. JAY, M. Sept. 10, 1945, Nos. 23303 and 23304. Convention dates, Sept. 13, 1944, and Aug. 2, 1945. [Class 131] An electric shaver for both shaving and cutting long hairs such as the moustache comprises a dome-shaped perforated guard 1 having completely around its periphery a ring 2 with slots 4 to form a comb. The guard 1 and ring 2 forming a unit are mounted on arms 5 forming part of a cage by which the head is secured to the body of the shaver. Two cutters 11 bear against the guard 1 and comb 2 and are mounted in inclined positions by means of arms comprising a member 14 pivoted on a transverse axis 17 and carrying another member 12 having a freely rotatable spindle with a ball head 16 which connects the cutter 11 to the member 12, a slot being formed in the member for the reception of the cutter 11 the arrangement being such that the cutter 11 adapts itself to the inner surface of the guard 1 being urged thereto by a spring 20 and centrifugal force. In operation the cutters 11 sweep over both the guard 1 and comb 2, a cylindrical cover 22 being provided to cover the comb 2 when it is not desired to cut long hairs the cover 22 being slidable on the arms 5. In a modification as shown in Fig. 3 the cutters 11 are not spring-urged but when not in operation rest on arms 24, centrifugal force urging the cutters 11 against the guard 1 when in operation. In addition these cutters do not reach the comb 2 two additional cutters 26 carried by arms 27 pivoted on a pivot 28 on the motor shaft, the arms 27 when the shaver is not in operation resting by means of slots 33 on the pivot pins 17 of the cutters 11, centrifugal force, when the shaver is in operation, causing the arms 27 to rise and consequently the cutters 26 to bear against the undersurface of the comb 2. As shown the cylindrical cover 22 may be retracted the distance X to uncover the comb 2 when it is desired to cut long hairs. By means of a ring 38 forming a cam a rod 41 may be caused to operate a switch when it is desired to operate the shaver on different voltages.

Nov. 8, 1949 H. s. LIBER MATHEMATICAL DRAWING INSTRUMENT 4 Sheets-Sheet1 Filed Nov. 1, 1946 Nov. 8, 1949 H. s. LlBER MATHEMATICAL DRAWINGINSTRUMENT 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 1, 1946 M A rro QNEVS l/V Vf/VTORA TTOR/VEYS H. S. LIBER 4 Sheet's-Sheet 3 Nov. 8, 1949 MATHEMATICALDRAWING INSTRUMENT Filed Nov. 1, 1946 h Wm u Filed NOV. 1, 1.946

Nov. 8, 1949 H. s. LIBER 2,487,345

MATHEMATICAL DRAWING INSTRUMENT 4 Sheets-Sheet 4- MWEA/TOA HEN Q] S [IL5E2 M YWMQM Patented Nov. 8, 1949 UNITED STATES 2,487,345 MATHEMATICALDRAWING INSTRUMENT Henri Sosthene Liber, Paris, France, assignor toSociete Civile dEtudes & Inventions Liber (S. E. I. L. I. 13.), Paris,France, a corporation of France Application November 1, 1946, Serial No.707,110 In France February 17, 1945 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8,1946 Patent expires February 17, 1965 2 Claims.

The orientable heads for drawing instruments which are known at thepresent time generally comprise a ring which is connected to the movablearms of the instrument and on which is rotatably mounted a support onwhich are fixed the drawing instruments and which the draughtsman canmove into any desired angular position by means of a central operatingknob.

An automatically acting bolt enables the support to be locked inpredetermined positions, for example every ten or fifteen degrees; saidbolt is moved into the retracted position by a first lever which, whenreleased, allows the bolt to engage automatically as soon as thesupport, as it rotates, comes opposite one of the said predeterminedpositions. It is however advantageous to beable to neutralise completelysaid bolt and prevent it from engaging automatically so as to enablesaid support to rotate quite freely. This neutralisation is obtained bymeans of a second lever which looks the first. Finally, it should bepossible when the bolt is neutralised, to be able to lock the support inany desired position; this locking is obtained by means of a shoe whichacts by braking on the periphery of the ring and which is operated by athird lever.

It will be readily understood that the manipulation of such heads iscomparatively delicate and inconvenient and that the draughtsmanrequires both his hands to effect it since in certain cases, he isobliged not only to rotate the support, but also to operate successivelythe three aforesaid levers, which are not very close to one another, orto the central control knob of the support.

The present invention enables an orientable head to be obtained whichhas the same properties as the present known heads, but the operation ofwhich is much more convenient and can easily be effected with one hand.

The head according to the invention is essentially characterised by thefact that it comprises, for effecting the various above-mentionedoperations, a single control member which is located in the immediatevicinity of the central control knob of the support and the operation ofwhich in one direction produces: in a first phase, the disengagement ofthe bolt, with the possibility, however, for said bolt to return to itsengaged position if the action stops on this member before it has gonebeyond said first phase of movement; in a second phase, theneutralisation of said bolt which can then no longer engage; andfinally, in a third and last phase, the locking of the support by meansof the braking shoe, the bolt remaining neutralised, while the operationof this single control member in the opposite direction produces thereverse operations.

The draughtsman can then very easily, using only one hand, act on thecentral knob in order to orient the head and on the aforesaid member in2 order to efiect the various locking and unlocking operationshereinbefore mentioned.

Other advantages and peculiarities of the present invention will becomeapparent from the ensuing description thereof made with reference to theaccompanying drawings which show, diagrammatically and merely by way ofexample, an embodiment of the head according to the invention.

In said drawings:

Fig. 1 is a view in sectional elevation of said head.

Fig. 2 is the corresponding plan view, the case of the mechanismbeingassumed to have been removed.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show respectively an elevational view, a top plan viewand a bottom plan view of one of the main parts of the mechanism.

Fig. 6 is a diagram representing the development over 360 of the twosets of cams of the mechanism.

Figs. 7 and 8 show a plan view which is very diagrammatic, of theretracting pawl in two different positions.

Fig. 9 shows an improvement.

Fig. 10 is a view of another embodiment of said head, in longitudinalsection.

Fig. 11 is the corresponding plan view, the case of the mechanism beingassumed to have been removed.

Fig. 12' is a perspective view of said mechanism.

Fig. 13 is a plan view on a smaller scale of the case forming a handle.

Fig. 14 is a plan view showing a modification of a detail ofconstruction.

The head according to the invention comprises a ring I which is fixed onthe movable arms (not shown) of the drawing instrument, by means forexample of pins passing through holes 2 provided in said ring.

On said ring is rotatably mounted, by means for example of a centralpivot 3, a support 4 on extensions 5 of which can be fixed the drawinginstruments (not shown). On said support 4 is 45 fixed a case 6, theupper part of which forms an operating knob I enabling the support 4 tobe rotated relatively to the ring.

On the case 6 is rotatably mounted a second knob 8 which is located inthe immediate vicinity 0 of the knob l and which drives, as itrotates,by

means of claws 9 engaging in notches In, a sleeve ll shown in Figs. 3 to5. Said sleeve can rotate on a fixed tube I2 secured to the support 4through the intermediary of the support 36, and

55 inside which can slide longitudinally a bolt 13, the

lower end of which can project below the support- 36 and engage in oneor the other of the perforations such as l4 provided for example everyfifteen degrees in the ring I.

Said bolthas passing through it two pins l5 and I6, the ends of whichpass through button- I hole slots ll of the pivot-tube I2 and project oneither side of said tube (Fig. 2).

The upper pin I5 co-operateswith the upper face of the sleeve II whichforms two diametrically opposite cams, the cross sectional shape Each ofsaid of which is developed in Fig. 6. cams co-operates with one of theends ofthe pin I5 and comprise a flat sunken in portion IB Isa, a slopeI9I9a, and finally a raised'flat-portion -400,. The lower pin I6co-operates in the same manner with the lower faceof the sleeve formingidentical cams 2I-22-28; 2-1a--22a position by the flat faces iii- 126aof the lower cam a of the sleeve (Fig. 6). The bolt I3 is therefore heldin its low position in which it is engaged in one of the perforations I4and locks the support 4 in the corresponding position.

If the knob 8 is slightly rotated andconsequently the sleeve II, theslopes IS--I9a of the upper cam cause the bolt I3 to move upwards andbecome disengaged from the perforation I4 so that the draughtsman canrotate the support relatively to the ring. through which the sleeve IIhas rotated is less than that over which the slope extends and which isequal to the angle through which the sleeve has to rotate in order thatthe skirt 24 shall escape the action Of the retracting pawl 26 (compareFigs. 7 and 8), the bolt I3 will automatically engage in the firstperforation I4 encountered during the rotation of the support, as soonas the draughtsman stops his action on the knob 8.

In fact, at this instant, the pawl 26 returns the sleeve to itsinoperative positionand the slopes 22 -22a of the lower cam positivelcontrol the downward movement of the pin I6.

On the other hand, if the draughtsman rotates the knob 8 further, thepin I5 reaches the raised fiat portions2020a o-f -theupper cam.Simultaneously the skirt 24 escapes the action of the pawl 26 (see=Fig.8). Thebolt. IS-isthenneutralised, i..e. it islockedin its high.position and can no longer engage in a perforation I4, even .if allaction on the'knob. 8 is stopped. The support 5 is completely freerelatively to thering.

Means. are then provided to enableit to be locked inany desiredposition, thisbeing effected by rotating the knob 8 still further andstill in;

the same direction. In. the example shown,.this result is obtained bymeans of atoothed-pinion 2l'a meshing with a pinion Elllwhich isprevented from. moving longitudinally and in :anaxial tap.- ping ofwhich is screwed a threadedrodlfi which is prevented from rotating, andwhich carries at one of its lower ends a shoe Silthe heel3l of which isadapted to act. against. the lower peripheral face of the ring Duringthe two first phases of the rotary movement of theknob B, the rotationof the, pinion 28 has simply; had. the effect of moving the shoe fit-BItowards the face of the ringwithout bringing it into contact with same.But, if the rotary movement of .said knob 8 is continued beyond saidtwofirst phases, the

However, if the angle shoe 30-3I continues to move upwards and pressesagainst the face of the ring, thereby looking the support 4.

When the knob 8 is operated in the opposite direction starting from thisextreme locking position, it begins by releasing the shoe 303I, therebyreleasing completely the support; if the movement is continued, theslopes 222 2a of the lower cam of the sleeve I I (Fig. 6) positivelycontrolth'e downward movement of the bolt I 3, when it is locatedopposite a perforation I4.

Thus the draughtsman can very easily, with one hand; act on the centralknob I in order to rotate-the support 4 and act on the adjacent knob 8in order to control the various locking or unlocking operationshereinbefore mentioned.

It will be observed that it is only by way of example that a particularmechanism for carrying out the invention has been illustrated anddescribed; any other equivalent mechanism could be adopted, theessential characteristic resting in the fact that the various operationswhich it is necessary to be able-to effect on the head are allcontrolled by a single member located in close proximity to the centraloperating knob.

The head which has just been described is provided, in the usual manner,with a graduation 32. marked on the ring I and. with which. co-operatesapointer 33 carried-by the support 4. According to an advantageouscharacteristic of the present invention, there-is provided as shown inFig. 9, a segment B-ilmade of Celluloid for example) which is fixed toone of the parts I or 4 and which: co-operates with a graduation carriedby the other of said parts. Said segment does not carry any indelible.indication, but the draughtsman can mark thereon any indications hepleases. Iffor example he has to make a drawing of which a part requiresthe head-to be in the zero position, whereas another part requires saidhead to be displaced 20", he will make a. mark A opposite the zerograduation of the scale35 of the support 4 and a. mark Bopposite the 20?graduation. Subsequently, it will only be necessary for him, accordingto whether he has toeifect suchor sucha part of the drawing, to bring.the zero graduation of the scale 35 opposite the mark A or the mark 13.

In Figs. ll) to 14 another embodiment has been shown of the headaccording to the invention. According to this embodiment, the knob8carries with it; as it rotates, the bolt I3b means of its claws 9between which are engaged projections secured to saidbolt; saidprojections are also ongaged in notches 4i ofthe sleeve II so that-saidsleeve is also carried round in the rotary movement of the knob 8. ,Saidsleeve II is provided, on its lower face, with two diametricallyopposite cam surfaces 22 and. 22a rotatably supported on the fixed tubeI2, so that the beginning of the rotary movement of said sleeve (fromits inoperative position Figs. 1%)" and 12), has the efiect of liftingsame; the bolt I3'is carried along with this longitudinal upwardmovement by means of theprojections 4U. Said sleeve It carries, on theother handQa cam 43-which hasa cylindrical porticn no which is centred.on the. geometrical axis of the sleeve II and a portion 43b whichextends eccentricall outwards. With said cam co-operatesthe upper armSiiaofa shoe 3B which pivots at 3232) on the support-36 and the lowerarm 380 of which is capable of engaging with the lower. lace-of the ring3. The cam 43 terminates by a radial projection 44 which, inthe normalinoperative position, abuts against the arm 30a of the shoe 30 (Fig.12); the sleeve II is retracted into this position by the spring-pressedpawl 26 acting on an edge 25 of said sleeve.

According to another characteristic of this embodiment, the case 6,instead of simply forming a central operating knob I, is extended at 611(Fig. 13) and forms a regular handle which the draughtsman can gripfirmly. The draughtsman can then very conveniently, with one hand,rotate the knob 6 and operate the head as he pleases.

In a general manner, the mechanism which has just been describedoperates in the same conditions as that of the embodiments of Figs. 1 to9, i. e. in the following manner:

In the inoperative position (position shown in the drawing), a spring 45(Fig. holds the bolt I3 and the sleeve II in their low position forwhich the lower end of said bolt is engaged in one of the perforationsI-4, thereby locking the support 4 in the corresponding position. If thedraughtsman rotates slightly the knob 8, the bolt I3 and the sleeve IIare carried along with this movement; the slopes 42 of the sleeve IIthen cause a slight upward movement of said sleeve and of the bolt,said, bolt becomes disengaged from the perforation I4, so that thedraughtsman, by acting on the handle 6a, can rotate the support 4relatively to the ring I. However, if the angle through which the sleeveII has rotated is smaller than that through which it has to rotate forits edge 25 to escape the action of the retracting pawl 26, the bolt I3will engage again automatically in the first perforation I4 encounteredduring the rotation of the support, if the draughtsman has stoppedacting on the knob 8. In fact, at this instant, the pawl 26 returns thesleeve to its inoperative position.

On the other hand, if the draughtsman rotates the knob 8 further, theedge 25 escapes the action of the pawl 26. The bolt I3 is thusneutralised, i. e. it 'is locked in its high position and can no longerengage in a perforation I4, even if all action on the knob 8 stops. Thesupport 4 is completely free relatively to the ring I.

During this angular displacement of the sleeve II, it is the cylindricalportion 43a of the cam 43 which has moved opposite the shoe 30 which inthat case has not received any impulse. On the contrary, if thedraughtsman rotates the knob 8 further, the eccentric portion 43b ofsaid cam acts on said shoe 3i) and causes it to pivot in a clockwisedirection. The lower arm 30c bears against the lower face of the ring I,thereby locking the support 4. v

When the knob 8 is operated in the opposite direction starting from thisextreme locking position, it begins by releasing the shoe 30, therebycompletely freeing the support; if the movement is continued, the sleeveII is finally returned to its inoperative position for which the bolt I3engages in the first perforation I4 encountered.

In the example shown in Figs. 10 to 14, the ring I is not directlysecured to the part 46 which is intended to be fixed on the movable arms(not shown) of the drawing instrument. The position of said ring can, onthe contrary, be adjusted to a certain extent relatively to said part46. This possibility of adjustment is obtained by means of a micrometerscrew 41 engaged in a nut 48 carried by the part 46; the micrometerscrew 41, when it is operated, produces the movement of a slider 49secured to the ring I, which can pivot at 50 on the part 46. It will beimmediately understood that when the screw 41 is rotated, the ring I ismade to pivot relatively to the part 46 and, consequently, the angularadjustment of said ring relatively to said part is obtained. The lockingof these two parts is obtained by means of a locking handle 5I.

In the modification shown in Fig. 14, this same result is obtained bymeans of a knob 52 rotating on the part 46 and secured to the eccentric53a which controls the slider 53.

It is moreover obvious that the invention ha only been described andillustrated in an explanatory and non-limitative manner and thatmodifications of detail may be made therein without altering itsessence.

I claim:

1. An orientable head for drawing instruments comprising a ringconnected to the movable arms of the instrument, a support rotatablymounted on said ring and. on which are mounted the drawing instruments,a central knob for operating said support, an automatically engagingbolt for locking the support in predetermined positions, means forneutralising said bolt, a braking shoe for locking the support in anydesired position, a single control member located in close proximity tosaid central knob and provided with a sleeve carrying a first set ofcams provided with slopes which produce, at the beginning of themovement of said member in one direction, the upward movement of saidbolt, and a second set of cams provided with slopes, which control thedownward movement of said bolt at the end of the movement of said memberin the opposite direction, the cams of the first set having, after saidslopes, a raised fiat portion holding said bolt in the position ofnon-engagement,

a pinion secured to said sleeve, a second pinion phase of its movement(corresponding to theaction of the slopes of the first set of cams),

it is retracted by a spring-pressed pawl which automatically stops itsretracting action when said member continues its movement beyond saidfirst phase.

HENRI SOSTHENE LIBER.

' REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record-in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,394,344 Wallace Feb. 5, 1946FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 575,169 Germany Apr. 25, 1933

